If your veterinarian has just mentioned Cushing’s disease, it is normal to feel worried. The good news is that this is one of the more common hormonal conditions in older dogs, it is well understood, and in most cases it can be managed so your dog stays comfortable. This guide walks you through the essentials in everyday language.
What Is Cushing's Disease?
Cushing’s disease — known in medicine as hyperadrenocorticism — is an increased level of glucocorticoid hormones (chiefly cortisol) in your dog’s body. It is usually caused by an over-production of cortisol by the adrenal glands, two small glands that sit near the kidneys. That over-production is, in turn, most often driven by a hormone called ACTH, which is released by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain to instruct the adrenal glands to make cortisol.
Cortisol is not a “bad” hormone. In the right amounts it helps regulate metabolism, blood sugar, the immune system and the body’s response to stress. Problems begin when there is simply too much of it, day after day, month after month. The condition is described in more detail by the Merck Veterinary Manual, a respected reference used by veterinary professionals.
Which Dogs Are Susceptible?
Cushing’s disease is most commonly seen in middle-aged to older dogs, although a dog as young as two years can occasionally develop it. Some smaller breeds — such as poodles, dachshunds and various terriers — are reported more often, but the condition can affect any breed and any dog. Because many of its signs overlap with normal ageing, Cushing’s disease is easy to miss at first.
Is It Serious?
Left untreated, Cushing’s disease can cause real discomfort and, over time, raise the risk of other problems such as high blood pressure, urinary infections, blood clots and diabetes. Maintaining a healthy balance of cortisol matters, which is why timely diagnosis and monitoring are so valuable. With appropriate care, however, many dogs do very well.
How to Use This Guide
Each section below focuses on one part of the journey. You can read them in order or jump straight to what you need:
- Symptoms — the early signs that often prompt a vet visit.
- Causes — the three underlying types and why they matter.
- Diagnosis — the tests your vet may use to confirm it.
- Treatment — modern medications and other options.
- Diet & nutrition and life expectancy — day-to-day living and what to expect.
A Note on Hope
A Cushing’s diagnosis is not the end of the road. Because the disease is so well studied, veterinarians have reliable tools to control it and to keep your dog feeling like themselves. The most important step you can take today is to work closely with your own veterinarian, ask questions, and keep an eye on the signs described throughout this guide. For a second trustworthy overview, the American Veterinary Medical Association maintains pet-owner resources on canine health.